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2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Globally, Salmonella enterica serotypes cause a substantial number of human infections with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the very young, the elderly and the immunocompromised. Numerous studies have implicated prevalent Salmonella transmission to humans through... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease All multi-cellular organisms live in an environment populated by infectious agents. In order to resist these infections, organisms from the simplest creatures such as flies, all the way up to humans have evolved special detectors of these infections. Upon the detection of these infections, defense... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationships between bacteria and animals are a dominant feature of life on Earth. We are no exception. Our bodies are home to a vast nation of friendly bacteria: the total number exceeds the total number of our own human cells. Our largest collection of microbes... >> MORE |
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2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease When most viruses infect human cells, they amplify their genetic material so that, in time, each infected cell contains multiple copies. A distinguishing feature of viruses whose genetic material is composed of RNA, not DNA, is the high rate of mutation associated with copying the RNA even once... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects about one-third of the people in the world. About 8 million people a year develop tuberculosis as a result and about 2 million a year die from it. The future for this global infectious disease (pandemic) looks even more ominous, for several reasons.... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Viruses can only replicate in live cells, and they rely on the host cell machinery for the amplification of their viral components. Because viral infection is usually detrimental to the host cell, the cell has evolved defense mechanisms which prevent replication of invading viruses. An intricate... >> MORE |
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2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Established and emerging viral diseases such as viral hepatitis, dengue fever, West Nile, yellow fever, Venezuelan, Western & Eastern equine encephalitis are major health concerns, particularly in developing countries. Preventative vaccines and effective treatments are not available for many... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease When a virus infects a mammal, a number of different processes occur that determine the success of the viral infection. The host (sometimes a human) immediately mounts an anti-viral response, creating a number of substances that are designed to disarm the virus and prevent it from replicating or... >> MORE |
2003 Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Disease Antibiotics play a critical role in modern medicine. Not only do they cure debilitating and potentially fatal bacterial diseases such as pneumonia, they also make surgery and cancer chemotherapy much less risky than they would be if antibiotics were not available to prevent or cure the... >> MORE |
Dr. John WaitumbiKenyan Medical Research Institute
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The Ellison Medical Foundation